Sezvo WHO yakazivisa zviri pamutemo COVID-19 se "denda" repasi rose munaKurume 11, 2020, nyika dzepasirese dzakaona kusabatwa kwehutachiona senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira kudzivirira kupararira kwedenda. Zvizhinji zvesainzi masangano ekutsvagisa ave kufarira zvakanyanya ultraviolet (UV) rambi reradiation disinfection: iyi tekinoroji yekuuraya hutachiona inoda kushoma kwekushandisa kwemaoko, haiwedzere kupikisa kwebhakitiriya, uye inogona kuitwa kure pasina vanhu varipo. Kudzora nehungwaru uye kushandisa kwakanyatso kukodzera kunzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakavharwa dzine ruzhinji rwevanhu, nguva dzekugara kwenguva refu uye uko kutapukira-kutapukira kunowanzoitika. Yave nzira huru yekudzivirira denda, sterilization uye disinfection. Kuti titaure nezvekwakabva ultraviolet sterilization uye marambi ekuuraya utachiona, tinofanira kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwanikwa kwechiedza "ultraviolet".
Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet yakareruka ine frequency ye750THz kusvika 30PHz muchiedza chezuva, inoenderana newavelength ye400nm kusvika 10nm muvacuum. Chiedza cheUltraviolet chine huwandu hwepamusoro pane mwenje unooneka uye haugone kuonekwa neziso rakashama. Kare kare, vanhu vakanga vasingazvizivi.
Ritter (Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776-1810).
Mushure mekunge nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuBritain Herschel yawana maranzi ekupisa asingaoneki, mwenje ye infrared, muna 1800, ichiomerera kune pfungwa yefizikisi yekuti "zvinhu zvine maviri-level symmetry", muGerman physicist uye chemist Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776-1810), akawanikwa muna 1801 kuti kune chiedza chisingaoneki chinopfuura magumo eviolet emhando inooneka. Akaona kuti chikamu chiri kunze kweruvara rweviolet rwechiedza chezuva chaigona kuita kuti mafirimu emifananidzo ane silver bromide, awane kuvapo kwechiedza cheultraviolet. Naizvozvo, Ritter anozivikanwawo sababa vechiedza che ultraviolet.
Ultraviolet mwaranzi inogona kukamurwa kuita UVA (wavelength 400nm kusvika 320nm, yakaderera frequency uye refu wave), UVB (wavelength 320nm kusvika 280nm, yepakati frequency uye medium wave), UVC (wavelength 280nm kusvika 100nm, high frequency uye short wave), EUV ( 100nm kusvika 10nm, Ultra yakakwirira frequency) 4 mhando.
Muna 1877, Downs naBlunt vakashuma kekutanga kuti mwaranzi yezuva inogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya mutsika midhiya, iyo yakavhurawo musuwo wekutsvaga nekushandiswa kwe ultraviolet sterilization uye disinfection. Muna 1878, vanhu vakawana kuti ultraviolet mwaranzi muchiedza chezuva ine sterilizing uye disinfecting effect. Muna 1901 na1906, vanhu vakagadzira mercury arc, artificial ultraviolet light source, uye marambi equartz ane zviri nani ultraviolet light transmission properties.
Muna 1960, nzira ye ultraviolet sterilization uye disinfection yakatanga kusimbiswa. Kune rimwe divi, kana tupukanana tukavhenekerwa nechiedza cheultraviolet, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) iri mubhayoloji cell inotora ultraviolet photon simba, uye mhete yecyclobutyl inoumba dimer pakati pemapoka maviri akabatana ethymine mucheni imwechete yemorekuru reDNA. (thymine dimer). Mushure mekunge dimer yaumbwa, iyo yakapetwa kaviri helix chimiro cheDNA inokanganisika, iyo synthesis yeRNA primers inomira pa dimer, uye kudzokorodza uye kunyora mabasa eDNA kunovhariswa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mahara radicals anogona kugadzirwa pasi pe ultraviolet irradiation, zvichikonzera photoionization, nokudaro kudzivirira utachiona kubva pakudzokorora uye kubereka. Masero anonyanya kunzwa kune ultraviolet photon mumabhendi ewavelength ari pedyo ne220nm uye 260nm, uye anogona kunyatsotora photon simba mumabhandi maviri aya, nekudaro kudzivirira kudzokorora kweDNA. Mazhinji emwaranzi yeultraviolet ine wavelength ye200nm kana kupfupika inonyudzwa mumhepo, saka zvinonetsa kupararira nenzendo refu. Naizvozvo, iyo huru ultraviolet mwaranzi wavelength ye sterilization yakatarisana pakati pe200nm ne300nm. Nekudaro, ultraviolet mwaranzi yakanyudzwa pazasi 200nm inoodza mamorekuru eokisijeni mumhepo uye kuburitsa ozone, iyo ichaitawo basa mukuita sterilization uye disinfection.
Maitiro ekuvheneka kuburikidza nekubuda kwekunakidzwa kwemercury vapor yave ichizivikanwa kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19: mhute yakavharirwa muchubhu yegirazi, uye magetsi anoiswa kune maviri esimbi emagetsi kumigumo ese echubhu, nekudaro kugadzira iyo. "arc yechiedza" ", ichiita kuti chiputi chipenye. Sezvo kutumirwa kwegirazi kune ultraviolet kwaive kwakadzikira panguva iyoyo, artificial ultraviolet mwenje masosi aive asati aonekwa.
Muna 1904, Dr. Richard Küch weHeraeus kuGermany akashandisa girazi-isina bubble, high-purity quartz girazi kugadzira yekutanga quartz ultraviolet mercury lamp, Original Hanau® Höhensonne. Saka Küch anonzi ndiye muvambi werambi re ultraviolet mercury uye piyona mukushandiswa kwezvivheneko zvekugadzira zvekuvheneka kwevanhu mukurapa kwechiedza chekurapa.
Sezvo yekutanga quartz ultraviolet mercury rambi yakaonekwa muna 1904, vanhu vakatanga kudzidza mashandisiro ayo mumunda we sterilization. Muna 1907, mwenje we quartz ultraviolet yakagadziridzwa yakatengeswa zvakanyanya sechiedza chekurapa. Muna 1910, muMarseilles, France, iyo ultraviolet disinfection system yakatanga kushandiswa mukugadzira maitiro ekugadzirisa mvura yemudhorobha, ine simba rekurapa zuva nezuva re200 m3/d. Munenge muna 1920, vanhu vakatanga kudzidza ultraviolet mumunda wekuuraya utachiona hwemhepo. Muna 1936, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa ultraviolet sterilization tekinoroji mumakamuri ekuvhiya echipatara. Muna 1937, ultraviolet sterilization systems yakatanga kushandiswa muzvikoro kudzora kupararira kwerubella.
Pakati pema1960, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji yekuuraya utachiona hweultraviolet mukurapa kwetsvina yemumaguta. Kubva 1965 kusvika 1969, Ontario Water Resources Commission muCanada yakaita tsvakiridzo uye ongororo pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiyo ultraviolet disinfection tekinoroji mukurapwa kwesuweji yemudhorobha uye nemhedzisiro yayo pakugamuchira mitumbi yemvura. Muna 1975, Norway yakaunza ultraviolet disinfection, kutsiva chlorine disinfection ne-by-products. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaitwa pakushandiswa kwe ultraviolet disinfection mukurapwa kwesuweji yemumaguta.
Izvi zvainyanya kukonzerwa nekuti masayendisiti panguva iyoyo akaziva kuti yakasara chlorine mune yaishandiswa zvakanyanya chlorination disinfection process yaive muchetura kuhove nezvimwe zvipenyu mumvura inotambira. , uye zvakaonekwa uye zvakasimbiswa kuti nzira dzekuuraya utachiona hwemakemikari dzakadai seklorini disinfection dzinogona kugadzira carcinogenic uye genetic aberration by-zvigadzirwa zvakaita se trihalomethanes (THMs). Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu vatsvage nzira iri nani yekuuraya utachiona. Muna 1982, imwe kambani yekuCanada yakagadzira nzira yekutanga pasi rose yekudzivirira hutachiona hweultraviolet.
Muna 1998, Bolton yakaratidza kushanda kwechiedza che ultraviolet mukuparadza protozoa, nekudaro ichikurudzira kushandiswa kweiyo ultraviolet disinfection tekinoroji mune mamwe mahombe emvura emumaguta ekurapa. Somuenzaniso, pakati pa1998 na1999, zvivako zvinopa mvura zveVanhakaupunki nePitkäkoski muHelsinki, Finland, zvakagadziridzwa zvakatevedzana uye ma<em>ultraviolet disinfection systems akawedzerwa, ane simba rose rokurapa rinosvika 12 000 m3/h; EL muEdmonton, Canada Smith Water Supply Plant yakaisawo ultraviolet disinfection zvivako zvakapoteredza 2002, ine simba rekurapa zuva nezuva re15,000 m3 / h.
Musi waChikunguru 25, 2023, China yakazivisa chiyero chenyika "Ultraviolet germicidal lamp standard number GB 19258-2003". Zita rechirungu rekare nderokuti: Ultraviolet germicidal lamp. Musi wa5 Mbudzi 2012, China yakazivisa chiyero chenyika "Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamps standard number GB/T 28795-2012". Iro zita rechirungu nderekuti: Cold cathode ultraviolet germicidal lamps. Musi waZvita 29, 2022, China yakashambadzira iyo "Energy Efficiency Limit Values uye Energy Efficiency Level Standard Nhamba yeBallasts yeGasi Discharge Marambi eGeneral Lighting: GB 17896-2022" chiyero chenyika, zita reChirungu rakajairwa: Zvishoma zvinotenderwa kukosha kwesimba uye simba. Kushanda magiredhi emabhora emarambi ekuburitsa gasi ekuvhenekesa kwakazara achaitwa muna Ndira 1, 2024.
Parizvino, tekinoroji yeultraviolet sterilization yakagadzira tekinoroji yakachengeteka, yakavimbika, inoshanda uye ine hushamwari hwekuuraya hutachiona. Ultraviolet sterilization tekinoroji zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiva echinyakare makemikari nzira dzekuuraya hutachiona uye inova yakajairwa yakaoma disinfection tekinoroji. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, senge marara gasi kurapwa, kurapwa kwemvura, sterillization yepasi, kugadzirwa kwemhepo, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2023